Homocysteine as a Risk Biomarker for Chronic Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Homocysteine is an amino acid metabolite that has been increasingly recognized as a significant biomarker for the risk of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurodegenerative conditions. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which are pivotal in the development and progression of these diseases. Although its role in CVDs has been widely studied, the relationship between homocysteine and neurodegenerative diseases remains an area of active research.